Water Purification & Filtration Dictionary
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An alphabetical listing of General terms and items. |
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Consisting of, or containing salt.
The general term for all water over 1,000 ppm (mg/L) total dissolved solids.
The oldest and most basic filtration process, which generally uses two grades of sand (coarse and fine) for turbidity removal or as a first stage roughing filter or pre-filter in more complex processing systems.
A coating or precipitate deposited on surfaces such as kettles, water pipes or steam boilers that are in contact with hard water. Waters that contain carbonates or bicarbonates of calcium or magnesium are especially likely to cause scale when heated.
A coating or precipitate deposited on surfaces such as kettles, water pipes or steam boilers that are in contact with hard water. Waters that contain carbonates or bicarbonates of calcium or magnesium are especially likely to cause scale when heated.
(water treatment) A polymer matrix or ion exchanger that is used specifically to remove organic species from the feed water before the water is to pass through the deionization.
The tendency of an ion exchanger to "prefer" (have more attraction for) certain kinds of ions over others, as if the resin were ranking the types of ions in order to be removed; most preferred ion, second most preferred, etc..
Producing or characterized by bacterial decomposition.
The arrangement of two or more filtering steps, one following the other, in order to remove increasingly finer particles at each stage and provide for filtration of all sizes of suspended solids.
The rate in U.S. gallons per minute (gpm) or liters per minute (L/min) at which a given water processing system can deliver product water. The rating may be intermittent peak flow or constant flow.
A well sunk in easily penetrated ground to a point which is below the water table but usually less than about 30 feet in depth.
A test used to measure the level of suspended solids in feed water for membrane filtration systems.
A filtering system that uses only a single filtering cartridge.
A temporary abnormally high concentration of an undesirable substance which shows up in the product water.
A thin watery mixture of a very fine insoluble substance.
water which has impregnated with carbon dioxide (CO2)so that it will be effervescent when not under pressure. Same as seltzer water.
The chemical name for common table salt.
A metallic element found abundantly in compounds in nature, but never existing alone.
Any water which normally contains less than 1.0 grain per gallon (17.1 mg/L or ppm) of total hardness expressed as calcium carbonate equivalent.
Any water which has been processed in some manner to reduce the total hardness to 17.1 mg/L or ppm (1.0 grain per gallon) or less expressed as calcium carbonate equivalent.
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The matter dissolved or suspended in water or wastewater.
A very common construction configuration for one style of reverse osmosis membrane and cartridge filter element. In RO membranes, the membrane sheets are assembled in layers around a perforated mandrel product water tube with coarse mesh spacers screens between the layers, to form a complete module element. In cartridge filter elements, the filtration material such as fiber cord, is continually would around a perforated mandrel core tube.
A small reproductive body, often single celled, capable of reproducing the organism under favorable conditions. The spore is sometimes considered the resting stage of the organism. Among the organisms that may produce spores are algae, bacteria and certain protozoan. In water, most spores resist adverse conditions which would readily destroy the parent organism.
A place where ground water flows naturally from the soil or rock formation onto the land surface or into a body of surface water. A spring is sometimes used as a source of water for a shallow dug well.
Fixed in a position, resting, without motion.
The maximum volume of water available for use from the water storage tank, e.g. the amount available from a RO or distiller water storage tank.
A cartridge style element constructed by continuous spiral winding of natural or synthetic yarn around a pre-formed product water tube core and then building it up in layers to form a depth type filter.
A cartridge type membrane filter used in fine particle separation applications to remove particles of less than one micron in size.
A yellowish solid chemical element. "Sulfur" is also often used to refer to sulfur water.
Thio-Bacillus
water containing objectionable amounts of hydrogen sulfide gas which causes an offensive "rotten egg" odor.
Filtration that occurs at the surface layer (as opposed to within the body depth) of the filter and is accomplished by passing the material to be filtered over a grating screen, sieve or membrane fabric with micro sized holes. The size of the holes in the filter determines what materials will pass through and what will filter out (held back).
All of the water (fresh and salt) on the surface of the earth including streams, lakes oceans, rivers, glaciers and some shallow wells that can be fed by surface runoff water.
A complete integrated series consisting of various components and perhaps multiple water treatment processes which can be tested, installed and operated as a single unit of equipment. For example, a single RO treatment system generally consists of two or more stages of media filtration plus cross flow membrane filtration and water storage.
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