Medical Dictionary
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An alphabetical listing of General terms and items. |
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See granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
Latin = helmet, hence, galea aponeurotica - the aponeurosis of occipitofrontalis muscle.
An organ beneath the liver where bile is stored.
Genetive (possessive case) of Latin = cock, hence, crista galli, the cock's comb.
Latin = cock, hence, crista galli, the cock's comb.
The 3rd letter of the Greek alphabet, typically used in a naming sequence - alpha, beta, gamma, delta, etc.
A preparation of antibodies injected to prevent or treat infection. Gamma globulin is used as postexposure prevention for hepatitis A and hepatitis B.
Chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. As an inhibitory neurotransmitter, it instructs the next neuron not to fire. May help quell anxiety (see Anxiety, Depression).
A liver enzyme. Elevated GGT levels may indicate bile obstruction and liver damage. A normal GGT level is 30-60 IU/L.
See licorice root.
Greek = swelling, referring to a peripheral collection of nerve cells, adjective - ganglionic.
Greek gaster = belly or stomach.
See bariatric surgery (See Weight Management).
An ulcer on the inner lining of the stomach.
Inflammation of the stomach (see Digestive Health).
Greek gaster = belly or stomach.
Greek gaster = belly, and kneme = leg, hence, the bulging muscle of the calf.
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines.
The medical specialty that deals with the digestive system; a gastroenterologist treats digestive diseases.
Having to do with the digestive system, especially the stomach and intestines.
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The digestive tube consisting of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.
See hepatitis G virus.
Latin gelatus = frozen.
Latin diminutive of geminus = twin.
Part of the DNA molecule responsible for making proteins. It is the basic unit ofhereditYi all information in the genes (genetic information) is passed from parent to child.
The basic unit of heredity. Genes contain hereditary information encoded in the form of DNA (or RNA in some viruses). In animal and plant cells, genes are located on the chromosome in a cell's nucleus.
An approach to preventing or treating disease by replacing, removing, or introducing genes, or otherwise manipulating genetic material.
A drug that is not protected by a patent and may be produced by any manufacturer.
A common name used to identify a drug, as opposed to a brand name used by a particular company for marketing (e.g., pegylated interferon is the generic name of the drug marketed under the brand names Peg-Intron and Pegasys).
Informing people about genetic facts that may guide them in making a decision based on a knowledge of disease risk. The word genetic refers to any characteristic that is inherited.
Manipulation of an organism's genetic material to modify the proteins it produces.
A gene that is used to identify an individual disease or trait, or trace its inheritance within a family.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), the molecules that carry hereditary information.
Adjective, Greek geneion = chin.
Latin geniculare = to flex the knee, hence, a bent knee.
Latin geniculare = to flex the knee, hence, a bent knee.
Adjective, Latin genitalis = reproductive, hence, genitalia, the sexual organs.
The genitalia, the bladder, and the urethral tube through which the bladder empties.
The complete genetic code or "blueprint" of an organism.
The genetic makeup of an organism. HCV has six major genotypes (designated by the numbers 1 through 6). In the U.S., genotype 1a/b is most prevalent, and also more difficult to treat. See also quasispecies.
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Latin = knee.
Soil-seeking, having a soil reservoir.
Initial hypha from a sprouting conidia, spore or yeast.
A form of diabetes that has its onset during pregnancy, usually in the last trimester (see Diabetes).
See gastrointestinal.
Latin = gum (of tooth).
A ring of bones which may be complete or incomplete.
Diminutive of Latin glaber = bald, hence a smooth bony prominence between the eyebrows.
Smooth.
Diminutive of Latin gladius = a sword, hence, hance a small sword, term applied to the body of the sternum.
Latin glans = an acorn, adjective - glandular; a secreting organ.
Diminutive of Latin glans = acorn.
Latin = acorn.
A disorder characterized by excessive fluid pressure within the eyeball; can occur as a complication of diabetes (see Diabetes).
Adjective, Greek glene = socket, and eidos = shape or form.
Greek = glue, hence, an adhesive connective tissue.
See immunoglobulin.
Latin = a globe.
An inflammatory disorder of the glomeruli, often due to the build-up of cryoglobulins.
Latin glomerare = to roll up, from glomus = a ball of thread (cf. conglomeration).
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A small capillary bed in the kidney where blood filtration takes place.
Adjective, Greek glossa = tongue.
Adjective, Greek = larynx.
Greek = larynx, hence, the boundaries of rima glottidis.
A hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas that increases the concentration of glucose in the blood (see Diabetes).
A class of hormones produced by the adrenal gland and simulated by medications such as prednisone. These medications can contribute to osteoporosis (see Osteoporosis).
The conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver.
The body's main source of energy; a six-carbon sugar that comes mainly from the digestion of carbohydrates (see Diabetes, Weight Management).
A form of sugar that is the body's primary fuel. The liver stores glucose after meals and releases it again as needed. Abnormally low or high levels of glucose in the blood may indicate a metabolic disturbance (e.g., diabetes).
A human red blood cell enzyme. G6PD deficiency can cause severe anemia.
Inhibitors of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a-glucosidase has been shown to inhibit viral replication and secretion.
A neurotransmitter that may play a role in mood disorders and schizophrenia (see Depression).
A natural antioxidant found in the body.
Adjective, Greek gloutos = rump or buttock.
Greek gluteos = rump or buttock. One of 3 muscles of the buttock, adjective - gluteal.
A scale for evaluating foods, based on the rate at which sugar is absorbed into the bloodstream after eating a specific food (See Weight Management).
An amino acid; one of the building blocks of glutathione.
A carbohydrate stored in body tissues. The liver converts glucose from food into glycogen and stores it for later use. When needed, the liver converts glycogen back into glucose.
A blood test that reflects average blood sugar levels over the preceding two to three months by measuring the amount of glucose adhering to hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells. The product formed by the attachment of glucose to hemoglobin is known as HbA1c (see Diabetes).
See licorice root.
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An herbal remedy traditionally used to treat diseases of the liver and bronchial conditions. Glycyrrhizin is an active component of licorice root.
See granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Gomori methenamine-silver. An excellent stain for visualizing fungi. The cell wall stains black and the background is green. Advantage: stains all fungi. Disadvantage: the tissue reaction is not visible.
Greek = reproduction, hence a gland producing gametes - ovary or testis, adjective - gonadal.
Arthritis caused by urate crystals (see Arthritis).
Adjective, Latin gracilis = slender.
Adjective, Latin = slender.
A transplanted organ or tissue.
Diminutive of Latin granum = a grain.
A type of immune system white blood cell (e.g., neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil) that releases toxic chemicals to kill invading microorganisms and mediate allergic reactions.
A cytokine that stimulates the production of granulocytes. Genetically engineered G-CSF (filgrastim; brand name Neupogen) is used to treat neutropenia.
A cytokine that stimulates growth of granulocytes and macrophages, two types of white blood cell. Genetically engineered GM-CSF (sargramostim; brand names Leukine, Prokine) is used to treat neutropenia.
A cytokine that stimulates growth of granulocytes and macrophages, two types of white blood cell. Genetically engineered GM-CSF (sargramostim; brand names Leukine, Prokine) is used to treat neutropenia.
An abnormally low number of granulocytes in the circulating blood, which may lead to an increased risk of bacterial infection. In practice, the term is used to refer to neutropenia.
Adjective, Latin gravida = pregnant.
Adjective, Latin griseus = bluish or pearly grey.
Latin something which governs or directs, like a rudder (cf. gubernatorial).
Adjective, Latin gustatio = taste, hence, pertaining to the sense of taste.
A word in common use to describe the large and small intestine (see bowel, large intestine, small intestine).
Greek gyros = circle, hence a coil of brain cortex. Back to top Back to top |
