Water Purification & Filtration Dictionary
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An alphabetical listing of General terms and items. |
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cellulose acetate.
cellulose acetate.
A phenomenon in which water or other liquids will rise above the normal liquid level in a tiny tube or capillary due to the attraction of the molecules in the liquid for each other and for the walls of the tube.
n element which is found in almost all living or formerly living matter including plants, proteins, organics and hydrocarbons. Carbon combines readily with oxygen to form carbon dioxide (CO2 ). The term "carbon" is sometimes used as a short reference for activated carbon.
Containing carbon and derived from organic substances such as coal, coconut shells and wood.
A substance that can cause cancer.
Any removable pre-formed or pre-packaged component containing a filtering medium, ion exchanger, membrane or other treatment material which fits inside a housing to make up a cartridge filter.
A device often used for single faucet water treatment, made up of a housing and a removable cartridge (element). In residential filtering systems, disposable elements are used.
The speeding up (usually) of a chemical reaction by adding a specific substance, the catalyst. Although the catalyst causes the speedup of the reaction, it (the catalyst) is not changed chemically in any way.
An ion carrying one or more positive charges.
Any substance capable of burning or destroying flesh or tissue. The term usually applies to strong bases.
A cellulose ester obtained by introducing the acetyl radical (CH3CO-) of acetic acid into cellulose (as cotton or wood fibers) to produce a tough plastic material which is used to make the cellulosic type of semipermeable reverse osmosis membranes.
A temperature scale in which 100 degrees is the boiling point and zero degrees the freezing point for water at sea level.
colony-forming-units.
The flow of water through a limited number of passages in a filter.
An adsorbent carbon product which has about one-third the surface area of activated carbon.
A valve which will allow water to pass in one direction but will close and prevent flow (backflow) in the opposite direction.
Chemical complexes formed from the reaction between ammonia and chlorine being used to disinfect many municipal water supplies. Unlike chlorine, chloramines do not combine with organics in the water to form potentially dangerous trihalomethanes (THMs). Water containing chloramines may not be used for fish or for kidney dialysis applications.
A gas widely used in the disinfection of water and as an oxidizing agent for organic matter . Chlorine is known to react with organic matter in the water to form trihalomethanes (THMs), a suspected carcinogen.
A particular group of bacteria primarily found in human and animal intestines and wastes. These bacteria are widely used as indicators organisms to show the presence of such wastes in water and the possible presence of pathogenic (disease producing) bacteria. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the fecal coliform bacteria widely used for this purpose.
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A shade or tint which is imparted to water by substances which are in true solution and thus cannot be removed by mechanical filtration. Color is most commonly caused by dissolved organic matter, but it may be produced by dissolved mineral matter.
The time the water is allowed to contain the disinfectant to assure potability. Contact time may also be called retention time.
Any undesirable physical, chemical or microbiological substance or matter in a given water source or supply. Anything in water which is not H2O may be considered a contaminant.
The intermixing of two water streams which results in unacceptable water quality for a given purpose.
A waterborne protozoan that forms cysts and causes acute gastrointestinal illness in humans, Cryptosporidium is commonly found in unfiltered surface water and is resistant to disinfectants such as chlorine and ultraviolet light, but it can be removed by filters that capture all particles of one micron and greater in size.
A capsule or protective sac produced about themselves by many protozoans (as well as some bacteria and algae) as preparation for entering a resting or a specialized reproductive stage. Similar to spores, cysts tend to be more resistant to destruction by disinfectant. Fortunately, protozoan cysts are typically 2-50 microns in diameter and can be removed from water by fine filtration.
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